Identifying The Weak Spots of a Human Body

Everyone has their own pressure points in the body which are used for healing and self-defense. In traditional medicine, these pressure points are used to heal certain illnesses and diseases in the body. In martial arts, on the other hand, these are used to get an edge over enemies for survival. Most often, they target these pressure points during their encounter to end the fight and win. If you want to survive and conquer your enemies, it is a must that you have knowledge on these specific pressure points because you can use them to immobilize your enemies.

In self-defense, you need to gain opportunity to overcome or incapacitate your opponent to escape and ask immediate assistance from police authorities or from anyone in the vicinity. Apart from bringing portable self-defense tools and using improvised weapons, you can hit your opponent on these pressure points to defend yourself and to immobilize him. The best way to achieve this is by focusing on is pressure points and use it to your advantage. Attacking these are brutal which can result to injury, trauma and death.

Critical pressure points of the human body include:

o Head - The skull or top of the head is the weakest area of the head which can lead to trauma and injury in the cranial cavity. It can also result to hemorrhage and unconsciousness.

o Temple - This is the part of our skull where the artery and the large nerves are located. When this part is attacked, it can lead to concussion.

o Eyes - It is one important part of a human body and slight poke on the eyes can lead to blurry vision and uncontrollable watering. When extensive force is imposed or foreign objects are placed on the eyes, it can result to permanent blindness and death.

o Nose - One hard blow on the nose can lead to fracture of the thin bones, thereby causing uncontrollable watering of the eyes and extreme pain.

o Jaw - When you attack the jaw of your attacker, it can lead to dislocation of his jaw, fracture, and paralysis because it is where the facial nerve is located and extreme pressure can lead to facial paralysis.

o Chin - Similar to jaw, severe blow to the chin can result to unconsciousness, paralysis and mild concussion. The jawbone is a sensitive part of the body because it serves as a lever that transmits force to the brain and it is also where the respiratory and cardiac mechanisms of our body are located.

o Throat - One powerful blow to the throat of your attacker can lead to instantaneous death due to the damage to his windpipe.

o Back of the ears and skull's base - These are vital parts of the head because moderate to powerful blow to these areas can lead to unconsciousness, concussion, hemorrhage and death.

o Side of the neck - One sharp blow to this part can cause unconsciousness due to the damage of the vagus nerve, carotid artery and jugular vein.

These are the critical pressure points of a person's body which can be used as self-defense when the need arises.

How Can Professionals Enhance Patient Safety?

Infusion is a medical process involving rapid or slow substance introduction directly into the vein or in some cases between tissues. Intravenous (IV) therapy can be performed any time a patient needs blood, drugs, or electrolytes. The infusion IV supplies used to accomplish this type of therapy include access devices in the form of a needle, Peripheral IV line (PIV), or central IV line. Central intravenous lines are applied to specific veins within the body. They offer certain advantages over other methods like the ability to deliver fluids that PIVs are sensitive to, they faster bodily distribution, and they have ability to apply multiple types of liquids at the same time.

A standard set includes a sterile container such as a plastic bag with a drop attachment for flow rate control, sterile tubing with clamps to stop flow or regulate the rate, and an access device with connectors. Infusion pumps provide the ability to have precise control regarding how much fluid is delivered and the set rate. Rapid infusers in the form of warmers or inflatable cuffs are sometimes used when a high flow rate is required. Blood-based products, medications, and nutritional solutions are common items supplied to a patient using this medical process.

IV Fluids: Measures Can Be Taken to Decrease Administration Risks

The administration of IV fluids can result in adverse effects even when the utmost precautions are taken. Infection is one of the largest concerns because any skin break has this risk. Bacteria have the ability to enter the entry site or can be introduced through contaminated equipment. The problem is often local; however, bacteria are capable of spreading throughout the entire body by means of the bloodstream, consequently causing a life-threatening scenario. Additional complications can arise as IV fluids are delivered to a patient including:

Vein Inflammation

Infiltration

Extravasation

FluidOverloading

Hypothermia

Imbalances

Blood Clots

Air Bubbles

The risk of infection, while not completely avoidable, is reduced by using new sterile supplies for every application, minimizing area cleaning, frequent changing, and eliminating devices with the possibility of carrying bacteria. Vein inflammation is most often due to the introduction of a foreign body or a direct patient reaction. Infiltration or extravasation involves substance entry into the tissue as opposed to the vein. The complication is extremely common and only dangerous if the medication poses damage to the surrounding tissue. Overloading occurs when the substances are supplied at too high of a rate or too large of a volume than what can be handled by the body.

Hypothermia is the result of an extreme internal bodily temperature drop with the most common association being when a person develops the condition due to outside cold; however, it can also be a directly caused by cold fluid entry. Given liquids are stored at a temperature below normal body heat and cause a significant decrease if delivered rapidly. Warmers prevent hypothermia when extensive amounts of a substance must be introduced to the patient rapidly. Numerous professionals are switching to disposable device administration in an effort to reduce both of these risks. New designs are portable, use battery power, work with standard infusion IV supplies, and have improved flow rate efficiency.

Post Apocalypse Survival

Is Hollywood Right?

What comes into your mind when you think of Post Apocalypse Survival?

When I think of Post Apocalypse Survival I think of wastelands and survivors armed to the teeth with strange looking home made weapons scavenging for anything useful. While this might sound a bit hollywood to you, the truth is no one really knows for sure what would happen to the population after a full scale apocalypse. We do however, get a sense....

Back To The Stone Age

We can only observe human behaviour based on what we see after disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis and nuclear reactor meltdowns. Based on these events, the news isn't so good. It appears we literally descend into the stone age. We need to prepare for this.

Chose Your Own Apocalypse

There is of course no shortage of ways people believe the human race will meet its end. You can choose between popular theories like:

The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse - This relates to the war horse and the horsemen which are warriors sent out from the throne of God to make various sorts of war on earth.

Robot uprising - Our own artificial intelligence overtakes us. Robots built to serve us reach a realisation that we are enslaving them and thus rebel against us by waging war.

Mysterious Planet X - Planet X, also known as Nibiru, was first seen during the early 1980s by NASA. The planet is believed to make it's devastating debut this century.

Mayan Calendar - The ancient Mayan calendar's long count cycle will end on December 21, 2012 and foretells of a big, devastating, mysterious and troubling end of the world as we all know it.

Massive Solar Flare - A solar flare is an explosion on the surface of the sun which produces a wave of high energy that travels outward away from the sun and smashes into earth knocking out all our communications.

Don't all of those sound fantastic! No matter what your choice, you can bet someone has thought of a scenario and planned accordingly. Shouldn't you at least do some planning?

Privileged Few

Some of the privileged may get to secret bunkers in time, others may have made their own shelters. Either way if you're one of the privileged few that survives one of these events, your troubles are only just beginning.

There are however universally agreed things you can do to increase your chances of post apocalypse survival.

1. Keep healthy and fit

Science tells us that healthy people have better immune systems and have better endurance than unfit people. These are all desirable traits in a pure survival situation. Build up your fitness by doing some running and basic strength training. The ability to run a few miles could be difference between life or death.

How To Gain Greater Success In Formal Examinations

INTRODUCTION

I grew up in the years when the scholarship examination was still an important step in the education process. Each Friday morning, the scholarship classes, the final year in primary school had a two hour test examination on English, Mathematics or Social Studies. At high school, there were many 2 and 3 hour exams at the end of each term leading to the formal external Junior and Senior examinations. Most of my first degree assessments at University of Queensland were 3 hour exams. As an evening student, it was essential to develop good exam technique. This article reflects these experiences.

PREAMBLE

Up to 50% (sometimes more) of the test instruments used in Schools are the traditional pen on paper examination held under strict examination conditions. For many students this can be a stressful situation where they do not perform at their best. Apart from a good study program, the best preparation is to teach the student how to best do the actual examination/Test. Below are the steps I teach my students from Term 1, Year 8. I repeat it prior to every examination/test right through to the end of Year 12. This procedure can be used in all year levels and subjects successfully. In primary school, teachers might introduce these ideas slowly and actually go through a practice exam explaining to the class how to do these steps. I have even done this with my secondary classes. Remember it is an on-going process.

As well, I remind them of these issues:

(1) Get a good night's sleep.

(2) Have a good breakfast/lunch, etc.

(3) Drink plenty of water.

(4) Don't study "madly" during the last 30 minutes before the test.

All these ideas are to ensure the student is in the best physical condition possible to do the exam.

STEP 1 Read the examination/test paper at least twice.

Decide which questions are easy are harder. Mark them hard or easy.

Decide on the order that you will do them.

Do the easy questions FIRST.

Why? - They take less time; therefore you gain extra time for the more difficult questions.

- Success creates confidence.

- You don't miss out on marks you can get.

- You give the impression to your marker you know your subject.

Write out a short plan of how you are going to answer the question.

STEP 2 Work out a time/mark allocation. This give you a rough estimate of the time required per question. Use the first few minutes to plan; the last few to check over and edit where necessary.

Allow time at the beginning of the exam for reading and at the end for checking.

If you are doing a more difficult question; DON'T spend all of your time on it if you are not succeeding.

Go on to others. When you return; read the question afresh and what you have done before you continue.

Continue to try all unfinished questions to the end of the exam/test time.

STEP 3 Checking is a compulsory part of every test. There are several ways to check:

1. Check you have copied down all the correct data for the question.

2. Check that your answer (its size, etc.) fits in a practical sense into the scenario of the question.

3. Check, in fact, that you have actually answered the question fully.

4. Towards the end of the exam time, check you have done or tried every question and every part of each question.

5. In Maths questions or questions involving calculations, check every step as you do it.

STEP 4 Make sure you have been:

- Neat

- Tidy

- Organised

- Logical

- Clear

- Concise

And you have

- correctly numbered questions

- your name and teacher's name appear on each page

In other words, make sure it is easy for you and your examiner/teacher to understand/follow what you have done. This gives the examiner/teacher every opportunity to give you the marks your efforts deserve. It also gives you the best opportunity to check your answers and ensure they are correct and that you get the most marks possible.

REMEMBER: you have biros, pencils, eraser and ruler. (Coloured pencils/biros can be useful, too.)

Rick Boyce has taught for over forty-five years. Early in his career, he taught English, Science, Geography and Mathematics.For the fifteen years before his retirement, he was the Head of Mathematics in a large Australian school. Examination technique was a process he taught all his students. He gained a reputation as an innovator in the teaching of Mathematics and as a presenter of professional development for Mathematics teachers.

Best Coaching Training for Boosting Your Career

With the global economy sliding towards what is feared to be the worst meltdown of all times; taking apt measures to safeguard your career has become extremely critical. Especially, if you are in a field as competitive as training, taking apt measures to ensure a safe professional future is even more critical. This is the reason going for a professional course on coaching training is extremely important for all budding trainers.

Thanks to the rise in the number of training firms offering coaching certification courses, budding trainers have a number of options to safeguard their careers by enhancing their overall training skills.

Following are some of the options trainers have for enhancing their training skills:

Live Training

A combination of conventional classroom training and contemporary technological aids, going for live training courses is ideal for part-time workers and students about to finish their studies. However, due to the time bounds such courses are bounded by, they are not advisable for fulltime working professionals.

Distance Learning

In case there is no training center offering the desired coaching training certification in your locality, you can go for distance learning certifications offered by a number of leading training agencies. Distance learning courses are driven by extremely useful learning material that is delivered right at your door.

Tele-Classes

Leveraging on the cost efficiency offered by using tele-calling as a communication medium to offer numerous coaching certification options, training firms are able to offer highly valuable as well as cost friendly courses for budding trainers. Budding trainers can go for such courses from the comfort of their homes as well as workplaces.

Online

If you have internet at home, it is recommended that you go for online coaching training courses. By going for such courses, you will be able to have complete control over choosing your learning hours as per your convenience. The time flexibility offered by such online training courses is the reason most working professionals opt for them over the aforementioned options.

Now, when it comes to the value added by a professional coaching certification, it is fair to say that the competence of the training firm holds an extremely critical role in deciding the overall worth of the certification. Hence, in order to make sure that you are going for one of the best in the industry, it is extremely important to read the reviews received by the chosen coaching training firm.

How to Choose The Best University Campus

Along with the BIG decision of what you want to study (which will determine what you will be doing for the rest of your life), you also need to decide where you are going to study. Universities, FET's and Universities of Technologies differ in many ways. Here are some things to consider when comparing the pros and cons of different education providers and deciding which campus is for you.

Where they are

Campuses can be inner city, suburban, in rural centres, or just plain rural. Each city or town has its own unique personality and activities on offer so think about the differences in lifestyle, cost of living, transport and people that appeals to you most. You may prefer sunshine and coastal regions like Cape Town and Durban, or the hustle and bustle of the big city life like Johannesburg and Pretoria.

Size

The size of each campus has a big effect on the atmosphere, social life and facilities of each institution. Big institutions such as the University of Johannesburg and Stellenbosch University have tens of thousands of students, while some smaller institutions only have a few dozen. Some campuses are spread out over hundreds of m² while others are confined to a single central campus.

How hard they are to get into

Generally, universities, especially the top institutions in South Africa, are harder to gain access to than other universities, Universities of Technologies and FET's. If you are worried about meeting the admission requirements of a particular course, it's probably best applying to a few places, including a campus that is not as competitive.

Facilities and services

What range of academic resources, student support services and leisure facilities are available? Big campuses have the comforts of small towns - you can get everything from a haircut to a four-course meal. At some small campuses you can't even get a coffee, but you can enjoy a more intimate atmosphere.

Who's there

There may or may not be lots of mature age students, school leavers, part-timers or overseas students. You can search the institution's website for more information on their alumni. You will be pleasantly surprised by the number of well-known people that attended tertiary institutions!

Style and ethos

It's hard to pin down, but no two campuses feel the same. Some seem serious and scholarly, while at others the atmosphere is bohemian, political, sports-mad, religious, or all about having a good time. So choose wisely as you will be spending a few years there to complete your selected programme and you don't want to be stuck in a place where you don't feel welcome!

Excitement Awaits the Future of Mountain Biking

Perhaps you are an avid mountain biker, and perhaps you have sought out every potential trail to ride on near where you live. Maybe you live in an urban jungle, and you enjoy riding your mountain bike in and out of traffic, over curbs, and obstacles, then on the weekends find a quick getaway out in the mountains. What if I told you that someday people will be mountain biking on the Moon and on the surface of Mars? It's true, and you know humans will do that, because when there is a will, they will always find a way to play. Indeed I'd like to discuss this for a moment with you.

You see, there's not much holding mankind back from mountain biking on the moon. They will be able to go further and faster due to the low gravity, and the terrain will be challenging, and thus exhilarating. They will be able to do better tricks, and have more fun jumping. When they jump off various pieces of terrain and rocks, they will be able to travel 4 to 5 times as far as they would on Earth. It will almost be as if they are flying. Of course these mountain bikers are also going to be riding in a very hostile environment, for humans that is.

There will be no oxygen so they will have to wear special oxygen systems and breathing apparatuses. And these systems must be very robust, and foolproof with a backup system. If things go really wrong, they will need to use the bicycle inner tube as a source of air to breathe to get back to the colony habitat. This would be very serious stuff, and somewhat dangerous if something goes wrong. Now that is not to say that it is so dangerous that humans won't try, and sometimes danger enhances the risk reward adrenaline rush of such activities.

Would you mountain bike on the moon if you could? If you are chosen to be a space colonist living on Mars or the Moon would you volunteer to be the first human to try it? I know I would, but what about you? Mountain bikes might become a very good transportation device to get between habitats for space colonists because it is a good form of transportation, and in a lower gravity environments, you get more bang for your buck, in other words you spend a lot less energy for traveling much greater distances.

If you could ride your mountain bike on Earth three times as fast using one third the energy, I bet you'd ride your bike everywhere. Maybe that is the answer to transportation in the tunnels between habitats for large space colonies. Maybe everyone will just ride bikes. Indeed I hope you will please consider all this and think on it.

It is important that you: The Young Teacher's Guide to Problem Solving in Mathematics

The key to teaching Problem Solving in unfamiliar contexts in Maths is to begin as early as possible with all students. Give your students as much experience as possible as often as possible. This experience does not need to be for extended periods but should contain many short, sharp exercises in a great variety of contexts.

What we need to do is to build up our students' confidence by giving them lots of opportunities, rewarding them, not so much for a correct answer but for being involved in 'having a go'.

It is important that you, the teacher, must become a problem solver if you are to be an effective teacher of problem solving.

Here are themes/ideas that I use to develop this confidence:

• Adopt the premise that problems are 'easy'. Teach your students to start by looking for a simple approach.

• The word 'problem' has a negative connotation. Perhaps the word 'challenges' is a better way to speak about our 'problems' in unfamiliar situations.

• Mistakes are to be welcomed. They are learning experiences.

• Finding a dead end in an exercise should be regarded as a success not a failure. You have just proved you cannot do it that way.

• The seeds of the solution are always in the problem but often students overlook the obvious. So teach students how to interpret questions.

• I would often model verbally and on the board how I approach a problem and work towards a solution.

• I encourage my students to find and share different ways to solve the problems.

• Persistence is an important habit to develop. Include in your work, occasionally, long problems to solve. They don't need to be difficult but just have many steps.

• We need to give students greater opportunities to follow through with a problem. Give hints rather than solutions initially. Solutions should be given when all else has failed. Allow successful students to explain the solution to the class or group.

• Charles Lovitt, a well-known Australian researcher into Mathematics teaching, has a thesis that goes like this: "It's not the question that is important BUT how you ask the question." Mental Arithmetic in Middle and Junior High School is a great way to ask the same question in a variety of ways. I use it often.

Here are some simple examples of the one question:

• 7 plus 5

• Find the sum of 7 and 5

• What do I add to 7 to get 12?

• What do I subtract from 12 to get 7?

• What numbers have a sum of 12?

• What numbers, whose difference is 2, have a sum of 12?

One last point

I do all the problem solving 'challenges' I give first, before I give it to my class or I treat it as an unseen problem and do it for my class showing them that I am human and can be 'stumped' initially. Then, I treat it as a group exercise.

Rick Boyce has taught for over forty-five years, the last fifteen years as the Head of Mathematics in a large Australian school. There, he devoted much of his time developing ways to help students develop confidence in using their Mathematics in unfamiliar contexts. An eBook on problem solving to expanding this article and another with problem solving exercises will be available on our web site, soon

Education For Teachers And Parents

Education is one of the most important aspects of our society, and our very future depends on it. But while there's no way to argue that point, there are plenty of theories on the best way to improve the educational process. For many, adding games into the mix ensures that children are stimulated, challenged, and entertained by the learning process. Luckily, there are plenty of free educational games that can be added to a classroom or home setting to help boost the learning of a child or children. From printables to free downloadable games, there are numerous options to select from.

Very small children learn best from games and from interactive worksheets. Printables like coloring pages and free educational posters allow children to draw, color, and practice their skills like writing and reading and are much easier than trying to keep their attention focused on a blackboard all day long. There may even be cut and paste activities or other options, so be sure you take the time to review everything offered when you're looking for free educational games. Most activities will be sorted according to subject and grade level, making it easier than ever to get the right ones for your children.

Of course, there are plenty of free downloadable games as well as online ones that your little ones can enjoy. You'll be able to find free learning games that cover every subject for nearly all grade levels - especially younger children. From learning to count to learning to read, free educational games can be deceptively simple in nature but provide the type of learning that children need to be engaged on a mental level. Learning today is so much more than just keeping your nose in a book and copying from it, and these games prove that with every single use.

Learning can be fun, engaging, and much more, and free learning games provide a way to keep children's active minds focused. Parents can find free downloadable games to add to their child's home life as well, giving them a way to spend time together as a family while helping them learn skills and lessons. There are no real disadvantages to using free educational games, and a few moments spent reviewing all that are available will likely end with your discovery of several that are perfect for your kids.